香港大學面試:怎么看待人口老齡化問題

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香港大學面試:怎么看待人口老齡化問題

　　Aging of the American Population

香港大學面試:怎么看待人口老齡化問題

　　America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every ]00 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways - education, medicine, and business. The graying of America has made us a very different society--one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.

　　A person's age no longer tells you anything about his or her social position, marriage or health. There's no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn't as strong as it used to be. It doesn't surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year- old grandmother,or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time.

　　Many people say,"l am much younger than my mother or my father was at my age." No one says anymore," Act your age." We've stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.

　　美國人口老齡化

　　美國正在變老。50年前，在美國每100個人里面只有4個人在65歲或65歲以上。現在每100個美國人中有10個超過了65歲。人口老化將會在許多方面影響美國社會—教育。醫藥和商業。美國變老已經使我們成為一個極為不同的社會，這個社會中人們對在不同的年齡適合做什么事情的觀點也大相徑庭。一個人的年齡不再能夠告訴你他或她的社會地位、婚姻以及健康狀況。人們上學，工作，結婚或者組建家庭也不再有確切的時間。使我們按部就班、告訴我們何時上學、工作或退休的社會時鐘也不再像從前那樣強大。我們聽到29歲的大學校長，35歲的祖母或70歲才頭次當上爸爸這樣的消息時，也不會感到奇怪了。很多人都說：“我比我父母在我這個年齡時年輕得多。”不會有人再說：“做與年紀相符的事情。”我們已經不再以驚訝的目光注視老年人以年輕人的方式行事。

　　關于中國人口老齡化問題

　　1．人口老齡化問題正困擾著中國。

　　2．人口老齡化帶來的問題。

　　3．應采取怎樣的措施，談談自己的觀點。

　　Aging of Population in China

　　Many countries will experience aging populations in the next century because of declining birth and mortality rates. China will soon join their ranks. According to statistics, the aging of China's population will approach its peak by the middle of the next century, with the percentage of the people aged beyond 60 making up 27.4 percent of the total. That means one out of every four people will be elderly.

　　As for the issue of aging, its situation has been growing increasingly severe in spite of the fact most people are still ignorant of the problems it brings about. Firstly, with families becoming smaller and living pace escalating, it is even graver for families to care for aged members adequately. Secondly, aging causes a relative decline in working force in that fewer people have to support the increasing aged people. Consequently, the productivity of the whole society is affected to some extent. Thirdly and most importantly, the aging of population in China resulted from the successful implementation of family planning has not been synchronized with national economic progress.

　　The rapidity of the population's aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt they key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance shall be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service.

　　What's more, family care and community services shall also be encouraged.

　　在世界人口走向老齡化和發達國家人口老齡化發展的同時，中國人口老齡化也在加劇。人口老齡化的產生，正是社會進步、經濟發展的結果。中國人口轉變一般被認為始于新中國成立，起先是死亡率明顯而迅速地下降。而全國性的生育率轉變則始于20世紀70年代初期國家計劃生育政策的介入，并迅速由高生育率水平轉向低生育率水平。這樣，人口的老齡化就導致了勞動力人口負擔不斷增大的問題，影響了我國社會經濟的發展，并對相應基礎設施、法律制度等物質及精神各方面的建設提出了新的要求。

　　針對這一情況全國老齡委發布了《中國老齡事業發展“十一五”規劃》，提出了“十一五”期間，中國在養老保障、醫療保障、社會救助等，以及老齡事業基礎設施建設、老年產業、老年精神文化生活等方面所要實現的目標和任務。我們既要正確認識中國人口老齡化的形成原因、基本特征、發展趨勢以及可能產生的社會經濟后果，更要弄清人口老齡化對社會經濟運行及可持續發展的影響。惟此，才能提高決策的科學性和可行性，解決好人口老齡化問題，為實施可持續發展戰略創造有利的人口環境。通過對人口老齡化的科學內涵的界定，明確我國人口老齡化的成因。通過對人口老齡化的演進過程的研究，重點闡述我國人口老齡化的特征及其對經濟、社會和家庭等各方面的影響，從而解決自身不足，提出解決人口老齡化問題的相應對策措施。

　　Of the world's population aging and the aging of the population in developed countries the same time, China's aging population has intensified. The aging of the population have is social progress and economic development. China's population changes are generally believed to have started in the founding of new China, the mortality rate is initially clear and rapid decline. And the national fertility rate change is the 20th century began in the early 1970s to the national family planning policy intervention and quickly from the high level of fertility to low fertility level. Thus, the aging of the population has led to the burden of the working population growing problems affecting China's social and economic development, as well as the corresponding infrastructure, legal system and other material and the spirit of building the new requirements. In view of this situation the National Committee on Aging issued a "development of the cause of aging," 11th Five-Year "plan" the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China's old-age security, medical insurance, social relief, and the cause of aging infrastructure construction, older industries, the elderly spiritual and cultural life, and other fields to achieve the objectives and tasks. We should correctly understand China's population aging of the formation, basic features, Development trends and possible socio-economic consequences, more to be cognizant of the aging of the population and sustainable socio-economic operations development. Only then can we make decision-making more scientific and feasibility of solving the problem of aging population. to the implementation of a sustainable development strategy to create an enabling environment for the population. Based on the aging of the population scientific content defined clearly China's aging population causes. Based on the aging of the population evolution of the study focuses on the aging of China's population and the characteristics of the economy, society and the family, as well as the impact, so as to solve their own inadequate solve the problem of aging population in the corresponding countermeasures.

　　關鍵詞：

　　Key word:

　　人口老齡化

　　Population old age

　　人口負擔

　　Population burden

　　老年社會保障

　　Old age social security

　　可持續發展

　　Sustainable development

　　關鍵詞：人口老齡化人口負擔老年社會保障可持續發展

　　Key word: Population old age population burden old age social securitysustainable development