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地球自轉(zhuǎn)減慢世界時(shí)將多加一秒的英語美文
Extra Second Will be Added to 2005
國(guó)際地球自轉(zhuǎn)事務(wù)中央局(IERS)于本周表示,由于地球自轉(zhuǎn)速度的減慢,額外的1秒鐘時(shí)間將被添加到2005年中。這是曾經(jīng)普遍的“閏秒”(leap second)在最近7年來首次出現(xiàn),同時(shí)也反映出地球活動(dòng)的不可預(yù)知性。
An extra second will be added to 2005 to make up for the slowing down of the Earth"s rotation, officials said this week.
據(jù)美國(guó)“生活科學(xué)網(wǎng)”7月5日?qǐng)?bào)道,位于法國(guó)巴黎的國(guó)際地球自轉(zhuǎn)事務(wù)中央局(International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service,IERS)通過測(cè)定地球自轉(zhuǎn)來確定世界時(shí),同時(shí)通過一個(gè)原子鐘來確定國(guó)際原子時(shí)。然而,因?yàn)榈厍蜃赞D(zhuǎn)速度經(jīng)常發(fā)生變化,而原子鐘則相對(duì)是不會(huì)發(fā)生變化的,所以當(dāng)世界時(shí)和原子時(shí)之間出現(xiàn)細(xì)微差距時(shí),該機(jī)構(gòu)就負(fù)責(zé)在一年中添加或減少一秒鐘的時(shí)間。
有關(guān)官員在日前發(fā)表的一份聲明中表示,這是自1998年以來,首次需要增加額外的1秒,以讓世界時(shí)和原子時(shí)保持同步。
報(bào)道說,在2005年12月31日,時(shí)鐘將通過下面這種方式過渡到2006年1月1日:23時(shí)59分59秒——23時(shí)59分60秒——00時(shí)00分00秒。而通常情況下,時(shí)間是從23時(shí)59分59秒直接到00時(shí)00分00秒。
相關(guān):國(guó)際原子時(shí)的準(zhǔn)確度為每日數(shù)納秒(1納秒等于十億分之一秒),而世界時(shí)的準(zhǔn)確度為每日數(shù)毫秒(1毫秒等于千分之一秒)。對(duì)于這種情況,一種稱為協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)的折衷時(shí)標(biāo)于1972年面世。為確保協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)與世界時(shí)相差不會(huì)超過0.9秒,在有需要的情況下會(huì)在協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)內(nèi)加上正或負(fù)1整秒。這一技術(shù)措施就稱為閏秒。
協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí),又稱國(guó)際協(xié)調(diào)時(shí)間,為格林尼治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間的新名。
An extra second will be added to 2005 to make up for the slowing down of the Earth"s rotation, officials said this week.
The once-common "leap second" is the first in seven years and reflects the unpredictable nature of the planet"s behavior.
The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service in Paris keeps track of time by measuring the Earth"s rotation, which varies, and by an atomic clock, which is unwavering. When a difference in the two clocks shows up, the IERS adds or subtracts a second to the year.
For the first time since 1998, the IERS will sneak in an extra second this year to get time back in synch, officials said in a statement Monday.
On Dec. 31, the clock will read like this as it leads into Jan. 1, 2006: 23h 59m 59s ... 23h 59m 60s ... 00h 00m 00s. Normally, the seconds would roll from 59 directly to 00.
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