40. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of---.
A) growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
B) the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
C) the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D) full support from agriculture experts
注:因果關系詞 because of
"This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Qerther of Texas A& M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired form the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
一、翻譯標準:忠實、通順
1.忠實指意義忠實于原文
2.通順指符合中文表達習慣。
3.“信、達、雅”
二、評分情況(每題2分)
1.全句結構(句子當中各個成分位置順序安排是否恰當合理)0.5分
2.除全句結構0.5分之外,剩下1.5分分布于句子當中三個重要給分點(通常為重要詞組或者重要結構)
重要結構:定語從句、比較結構、虛擬語氣、倒裝結構、雙重否定
例:Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (認知的) areas such as attention and memory.
研究人員證實人們在動腦筋時,頭腦里會產生生化變化,使頭腦在注意力和記憶力這類認知領域中更加有效的活動。(全句結構0.5)
三、翻譯過程
1.找到需翻譯語句對應文中的位置
2.理解階段
1)根據上下文關系
2)分析句子結構
3)表達階段(注意中英文表達習慣的差異)
1)詞序:即詞與詞或詞與句子之間的位置順序關系,中文習慣為修飾語前置。
例:The girl in red is my sister.
穿紅衣服的女孩是我姐姐。
I like the watch which you bought me.
我喜歡你給我買的那塊表。
We can keep fit by going in for exercise.
我們可以通過參加體育鍛煉來保持健康。
2)句序:a.中文習慣為狀語從句前置,英語中狀語從句(如原因、條件從句)有時置于主句之后,而漢語一般將狀語從句置于主語之前。
例:I would be most happy to go with you if I am not in the way.
如果不礙事的話我很高興和你們一起去。
b.中文按照時間邏輯順序安排句序,英文按照事情的重要性來安排句序。
例:It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had planned to pay to China in January.
我原計劃1月份訪問中國,后來必須推遲,對此我深表遺憾。
翻譯技巧
1.增詞法:目的在于使譯文通順而不是增加含義
1)增加動詞
例:After the banquet and the concert, he would work on his report.
(參加)宴會和(出席)音樂會之后他會繼續寫報告。
2)增加名詞
例:He cann't endure the tension of modern life.
他不能忍受現代生活的緊張(節奏)。
例:You are frank and honest with all your faults.
你對錯誤的(態度)坦誠。
2.轉譯法:
1)含有動詞意味的名詞轉譯為動詞
例:It is evidence enough of the desire of all of us to solve the problem according to people's will as soon as possible(ASAP).
這充分證明了我們都希望按照人們的意愿盡快解決問題。
2)動詞轉譯為名詞
例:Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他們之間關系的特點是以禮相待。
例:Most satellites are designed to burned up themselves after completing mission.
按照設計大部分衛星在完成任務后自行燃燒。
3)形容詞副詞之間相互轉譯
例:We took several brief and restless naps.
我們簡短不安地睡了幾次。