【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語

★jazz n. 爵士音樂
a kind of music

★musical adj. 音樂的
music student : the student who learned music
musical student :有音樂天賦的

★instrument n. 樂器
instrument=musical instrument

★clavichord n. 古鋼琴
a kind of instrument

★recently adv. 最近
recently=lately

★damage v. 損壞

★key n. 琴鍵
key to the door
Do you know the key(答案) to the question?
key(關鍵)structure

★string n. (樂器的)弦

★shock v. 使不悅或生氣,震驚
跟人的情緒有關的動詞的賓語往往是"人"
The news shocks me
凡是能夠用"人"做賓語,又是表示人的情緒活動的動詞,有兩個形容詞形成:
1.令人……;+ -ing 2.感到…… + -ed
It shocked me.
It is shocking.
I'm shocked.
get a shock n.
sb.get a shock
surprise 好事壞事都可以,只要你沒有料到 I want to give you surprise.
shock 只能是壞事,讓人感到不高興

★allow v. 允許,讓
allow doing
Smoking is allowed.
allow sb. to do sth
sb.be allowed to do sth.
You are allow to smoke
You are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with you
allow用被動

★touch v. 觸摸,碰

First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音,然后回答以下問題。
What happened to the clavichord?

We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

參考譯文

我家有件古樂器,被稱作古鋼琴,是1681年德國造的。我們的這架古鋼琴存放在起居室里。我們家有這件樂器已經很久了, 是我祖父在很多年以前買的.。可它最近被一個客人弄壞了,因為她用它來彈奏爵士樂。她在擊琴鍵時用力過猛,損壞了兩根琴弦。我父親大為吃驚,不許我們再動它。父親的一個朋友正在修理這件樂器。

【課文講解】

be done
call sb.sth.
sb.be called
be made
be made in +地點
be made of/be made from(看不出原料/多種原料):由……制造(材料)
The ring is made of gold.
It is made from plastic.
be made into:被……制成
The gold is made into a ring.
is done:被動語態的一般現在時
was done:被動語態的一般過去時
使用那一個不取決于動詞,而取決于該句話的時態
只要見到ago,一定使用過去時
主動語態的主語變到被動語態中要在前面加by
play: 1.跟球類連用,直接+球類;2.跟樂器連用,+the+樂器
play music on + 樂器
hard: 修飾動作程度的重和深
漢語中習慣用主動形式,英語中習慣用被動形式
be+動詞的ing形式:進行時態
be+done: 被動語態
be being done:被動語態的現在進行時
be動詞有多少種時態,被動語態就有多少種
have been done
will be done
can be done
had been done
is/am/are/was/were/ done
I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made.
The cake has been made.
The cake was made.
The cake had been made.
強調對象是人用主動,強調對象是物用被動,被強調的部分永遠做主語
雙重所有格/雙重屬格:名詞+of+名詞所有格(名詞性的物主代詞)
只有一張照片 my photo
很多照片中的一張 a photo of mine
It happened to a friend of mine.

【Special difficulties】
Exercise A
1.of 2.in 3.from
Exercise B
1.He borrowed a record of mine.
2.She showed me a picture of John's
3.It was an idea of hers.
4.A letter of yours was found on my desk.
5.Some friends of theirs came to see me.

雙重屬格結構:
"a friend of my father"
"my father's friend(s)" ……只有一個(很多)朋友
"a friend of my father's" √
強調很多當中的一個或幾個的時候,選用雙重屬格結構

【Multiple choice questions】
7....A
"we are not allowed to touch it."不被允許
肯定結構中must和have to是一個感念
否定結構中must和have to就不一樣了
mustn't:不準,不可以
have to的否定:不必(have實意動詞)……don't have to
You don't have to go to school.
You mustn't go to school.

9....A
keep(kept,kept):保持;保存
keep sth.+地點:在某地放...(狀態)
put:放(動作)
That's where
That's后面+以特殊疑問詞引導的從句
That's why:那就是...的原因
That's where:那就是...地點

lift:舉起
carry:扛著,背著,抱著
hold:擁有,持有,握著
have:擁有

10....C
"damaged"……可以修復
destroy……無法修復
pain……有身體的疼痛
hurt……hurt oneself/身體的某個部位/feelings: 受傷,傷害
身體的某個部位+hurt: ...疼痛
My hand hurts.
My leg hurts.
Hurt my leg.
broke——打破,打斷,打碎
I broke my leg.