大學體驗英語綜合教程2第二版課后答案unit8
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第二版大學體驗英語綜合教程2課后答案：unit8
Ex 3. 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C
Ex 4. 1. adequate 2. vitally 3. document 4. distribution 5. urban 6. potential
7. continual 8. infecting 9. threat 10. updated
Ex.5 1. let down 2. came across as 3. in the back of …mind 4. as a matter of course
5. cleaning up
Ex.6 1. encountered 2. detected 3. transmitted 4. pirated 5. inflicted
Ex 7. 1. In pursuit of a healthier diet, people are eating more fish than they used to.
2. We need to have the roof repaired before the bad weather sets in.
3. The disease is spreading, and all young children are at risk.
4. The information is transmitted from one computer to another through a telephone line.
5. Jack is a fairly good runner. He wins more often than not.
Ex 8.
1. It sounds like this high-tech company has put in place many favorable measures to protect against brain drains.
2. The worry comes when paper-mills ignore the environmental pollution in pursuit of profits.
3. It’s vitally important that one attend a test-preparation class before taking a TOEFL test but this cannot be a one-off event if he really want to have a good command of English.
4. The potential threat should always be in the back of a doctor’s mind and appropriate measures should be taken in no time once emergency arises.
5. In the end, science and education are the keys to a prosperous county and this is a continual process.
Ex 9.
Computer viruses can be transmitted via email attachments. They also spread through software downloaded from the internet. So when you are downloading the unlicensed and pirated software, you are likely to put your computer at risk. The software can seem harmless enough, but they could easily be harboring a dangerous virus.
To protect against computer viruses, we should be careful when opening email attachments and downloading software. We should use antivirus software and update it regularly. As for companies, they should not only take measures by investing in antivirus software, but also pay attention to the education of their employees. While the employees may suddenly become aware of the virus threat when the threat is there, they soon forget about it as the stories disappear from the news headlines. So it is important that companies constantly educate the users about the virus threat and ask them to practice safe computing.
Ex 10.
To protect against computer viruses, companies should do more than invest in antivirus software on the desktops, servers and email gateways. It’s true that antivirus software, updated regularly, can protect the companies’ defences to a large extent. The employees, however, may use office computers for personal amusement. When they are opening unsolicited attachments or downloading unauthorized software, they probably are putting the company at risk, for the attachments and the software could easily harbor dangerous viruses. Therefore, it is very important that companies should constantly educate their employees about the virus and remind them about what would happen if they let their guard down.
學習大學英語的技巧：直譯法
直譯法指既保持原文內容又保持原文形式的翻譯方法。由于人類對客觀世界的共同認識，在英漢兩種語言里，有些習語存在著共通性，因此，有少量的英語習語，不僅字面意義和形象意義相同或相似，而且隱含意義也相同。這時進行直譯，不僅保留了原文的字面意義、形象意義和隱含意義，還保留了原文的修辭和風格，且增添了語言表現力，讀者更易于理解和接受譯文。如英語中的Wall has ears直譯為“隔墻有耳”; olive branch直譯為“橄欖枝”;a tooth for a tooth譯為“以牙還牙”等已被大家所熟知，自然而然也就被接受了。類似這樣的習語譯文，讀者只要用心體會一下，就會明白其隱含意義，不但保留了原文的形象，而且增加了閱讀的趣味。另外還有一些習語與原語的歷史典故或神話典故或文學作品等有關，且這一類習語使用廣泛，其英語習語的比喻形象及典故故事已被漢語使用者所熟悉，所以在翻譯時也可以運用直譯法。例如：“Pandora’s box”(潘多拉的盒子)——比喻災禍的根源、Achilles’heel(致命的弱點)、Crocodile tears(鱷魚的眼淚)——比喻假慈悲。
學習大學英語的技巧：意譯法
有些習語由于文化因素的影響，在翻譯時無法保留原本語句的字面意義和形象意義，也無法找到同義的習語借用，這時可將原文的形象更換成讀者所熟悉的另一個譯文形象，從而傳達出原文的語用目的，譯出隱含意義。例如：“The dog that will fetch a bone will carry a bone。”在譯成漢語時，其中的字面形象dog、bone都不能直譯，只能舍棄它的字面意義
和形象意義，譯出隱含意義：“對你說別人壞話的人，也會說你的壞話”。同類的例子還有“work like a dog”，如果按字面意義直譯成漢語“像狗一樣工作”雖保留了原文形象，但不符合漢語的表達習慣，所以可以根據對該習語進行意譯，譯出隱含意義：“拼命工作”。
學習大學英語的技巧：套譯法
在英漢兩種語言里可以找到一些完全相同的`習語與之對應，其形式、內容和比喻形象、含義和修辭色彩也相同。這類習語在翻譯時可以直接套用譯入語中的習語，這樣讀者理解起來也比較容易。例如：“To praise to the skies”(捧上天去)。還有一些習語雖然在文化背景、比喻形象等方面不盡相同，但其喻義和表達方式與漢語的某些習語比較相似。這一類習語在翻譯時也可以運用套譯法，這樣可以使譯語與原語產生類似的語言效果。如：“A drop in the ocean”(滄海一粟)。由于人類在感情、對客觀事物的感受及社會經歷等方面存在相似之處，英漢習語中存在著少量相同或近似的習語，這些習語字面意義、形象意義相同或近似，隱含意義則完全相同。也就是說，此類習語的字面意義和形象意義所傳達出的文化信息是相同的，這樣的習語在翻譯時可以直接套用譯入語中的習語，這樣讀者理解起來也比較容易。如英語中的“Practice makes perfect”與漢語中的“熟能生巧”、“To add fuel to the fire”與“火上澆油”、“To be on thin ice”與“如履薄冰”、 “Strike while the iron is hot”與“趁熱打鐵”等句子詞匯都可在英漢之間有所對應;這些相同的句意、相似的用法有時是因為詞語有著相似的來源。綜上所述，能應用 “套譯法”的兩個習語字面意義和形象意義通常近似，即使略有差別，隱含意義也是大同小異，如One boy is a boy，two boys half a boy，three boys no boy”(一個和尚挑水吃，兩個和尚抬水吃，三個和尚沒水吃)。所以大家在平常的英語學習中，也可不斷總結一些此類習語，掌握習語翻譯的“套譯法”，翻譯出的譯文就既能達到準確無誤，又不失生動活潑。
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